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        <SubjectHeadingText>Alte Geschichte; Altertumswissenschaften; Archäologie; Geschichte; Kaiser; Mütter; Politikwissenschaft; Porträt</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text language="eng" textformat="05">Of the mothers of the more than 60 emperors who ruled the Imperium Romanum from Augustus until the final division of the empire in 395, often little more is known than their name; sometimes even this has not survived. The literary, numismatic and epigraphic sources allow us to sketch biographies of only 15 emperor mothers. They are at the centre of this book. The works of the - exclusively male - ancient historians must be read critically. Many of them obviously had problems with self-confident or even ambitious women, whom they accuse of immoral behaviour, intrigues and even murder.</Text>
        <Text language="ger" textformat="05">Von den Müttern der über 60 Kaiser, die von Augustus bis zur endgültigen Reichsteilung im Jahr 395 über das Imperium Romanum herrschten, kennt man oft kaum mehr als ihren Namen; mitunter ist selbst dieser nicht überliefert. Lediglich für 15 Kaisermütter erlauben es die literarischen, numismatischen und epigraphischen Quellen, Biographien zu skizzieren. Sie stehen im Zentrum dieses Buchs. Die Werke der - ausschließlich männlichen - antiken Geschichtsschreiber sind dabei kritisch zu lesen. Viele von ihnen hatten offenkundig Probleme mit selbstbewussten oder gar ehrgeizigen Frauen, denen sie unmoralisches Verhalten, Intrigen, ja sogar Morde vorwerfen.</Text>
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        <Text language="eng" textformat="05">This book, aimed at a broad audience, deals with the mothers of the Roman emperors from Augustus to the division of the Imperium Romanum after the death of Theodosius I in 395. 66 emperors reigned during this period. However, only 15 of their mothers are outlined in the sources. A section of this book is dedicated to their often difficult lives (only eight died of natural causes, three committed suicide or were driven to suicide, four were murdered). The sparse data on the others is summarised at the beginning of each chapter and in the chapter on the mothers of the so-called soldier emperors.&lt;br/&gt;Roman law excluded women from all state and public offices. Only a few emperor's mothers attempted to cross this boundary, such as the elder Agrippina, who entered the military sphere, or her daughter, who even reached for power. But others also achieved considerable influence, such as Livia, the wife of Augustus, or women in the era of the Severan rulers. The increasing dominance of the Christian church, in which women were only expected to fulfil serving functions and works of piety, brought this development to a halt in the fourth century.&lt;br/&gt;Unfortunately, the literary sources provide almost only statements about the emperor's mothers; there are hardly any statements by them. In addition, quite a few ancient authors (there were no female authors) had problems with self-confident or even ambitious women, even believing them capable of any misdeed. For this reason, the author draws on numismatic and epigraphic sources in addition to the literary sources, which he uses intensively and scrutinises critically.&lt;br/&gt;Numerous illustrations familiarise the reader with the people in question, while several genealogical tables make it easier to gain an overview.</Text>
        <Text language="ger" textformat="05">Das vorliegende an ein breites Publikum gerichtete Buch handelt von den Müttern der römischen Kaiser von Augustus bis zur Teilung des Imperium Romanum nach dem Tod des Theodosius I im Jahr 395. In diesem Zeitraum herrschten 66 Kaiser. Doch nur 15 ihrer Mütter gewinnen in den Quellen Konturen. Ihrem oft nicht einfachen Leben (nur acht starben eines natürlichen Todes, drei begingen Selbstmord bzw. wurden in den Suizid getrieben, vier wurden ermordet) ist jeweils ein Abschnitt dieses Buchs gewidmet. Die spärlichen Daten der Übrigen sind am Beginn der jeweiligen Kapitel sowie im Kapitel über die Mütter der sogenannten Soldatenkaiser zusammengestellt.&lt;br/&gt;Das römische Gesetz schloss Frauen von allen staatlichen und öffentlichen Ämtern aus. Nur wenige Kaisermütter versuchten, diese Grenze zu überschreiten, wie die ältere Agrippina, die in den militärischen Bereich eindrang, oder deren Tochter, die sogar nach der Macht griff. Doch auch andere gelangten zu erheblichem Einfluss, etwa Livia, die Gattin des Augustus, oder Frauen in der Epoche der severischen Herrscher. Die zunehmende Dominanz der christlichen Kirche, in der für Frauen nur dienende Funktionen und Werke der Frömmigkeit vorgesehen waren, brachte diese Entwicklung im vierten Jahrhundert zum Stillstand.&lt;br/&gt;Leider liefern die literarischen Quellen fast nur Äußerungen über die Kaisermütter, Äußerungen von ihnen sind kaum vorhanden. Hinzu kommt, dass nicht wenige antike Autoren (Autorinnen gab es nicht) Probleme mit selbstbewussten oder gar ehrgeizigen Frauen hatten, ja ihnen jede Untat zutrauten. Daher greift der Autor neben den - von ihm intensiv genutzten und kritisch hinterfragten - literarischen Quellen auch auf numismatische und epigraphische zurück.&lt;br/&gt;Zahlreiche Abbildungen bringen die betrachteten Personen dem Leser näher, mehrere Stammtafeln erleichtern den Überblick.</Text>
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        <Text language="eng" textformat="05">Günter Aumann (born in 1952) was Professor of Geometry/Computer Geometry at the University of Karlsruhe (TH), now the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, for over 20 years. In addition to modern developments, he was also interested in&lt;br/&gt;the ancient roots of geometry, which was reflected in several book publications. This relationship with antiquity was deepened by his decades-long interest in Roman coins, which has intensified since his retirement. This passion was triggered in 1972 by the acquisition of a denarius of Antoninus Pius.</Text>
        <Text language="ger" textformat="05">Günter Aumann (Jahrgang 1952) war über 20 Jahre Professor für Geometrie/Computergeometrie an der Universität Karlsruhe (TH), jetzt Karlsruher Institut für Technologie. Neben modernen Entwicklungen interessierten ihn dabei auch&lt;br/&gt;die antiken Wurzeln der Geometrie, was sich in mehreren Buchveröffentlichungen niederschlug. Vertieft wurde diese Beziehung zur Antike durch eine jahrzehntelange, seit seiner Pensionierung noch intensivierte Beschäftigung mit römischen Münzen. Ausgelöst wurde diese Passion 1972 durch den Erwerb eines Denars des Antoninus Pius.</Text>
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