<TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText>Crisis and Memory</TitleText> <Subtitle>The Representation of Space in Modern Levantine Narrative</Subtitle>

Reichert Verlag 202511120004

978-3-7520-0089-4 03 01 04 15275 Börsenverein Verkehrsnummer 9783752000894 01 Reichert LGNR 10089 15 9783752000894 DG 002 00 01 Litkon 04 TJ135 Literaturen im Kontext. arabisch – persisch – türkisch 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText>Crisis and Memory</TitleText> <Subtitle>The Representation of Space in Modern Levantine Narrative</Subtitle> 02 https://reichert-verlag.de/9783752000894_crisis_and_memory-detail 1 B01 Ken Seigneurie Seigneurie, Ken Ken Seigneurie 16 0000000043205023 01 eng 260 26 2.0 9569 93 1.1 DSBH 96 1.1 3MP 94 1.1 1FB 93 1.1 JH 93 1.1 JP 93 1.1 DNL 23 Literaturwissenschaft/Orientalische Sprachen 23 Sprachwissenschaft/Arabistik 23 Geschichte/Neuere Geschichte 20 Palästina 20 Autobiographie 20 arabische Literatur 20 Literaturwissenschaft 20 Exilliteratur 20 Gegenwartsliteratur 20 Sonstige Literaturen 04 02 Contents Preface Note on Style and Transliteration Introduction: A Survival Aesthetic for Ongoing War Part One – Modern Crises Christophe Ippolito (Carlisle, Pennsylvania) Naguib Mahfouz’s Alexandria: Oblivion and Remembrance Gil Zehava Hochberg (Los Angeles) “The Dispossession of Hebrew”: Anton Shammas’s Arabesques and the Cultural Space of Language Elisabeth Vauthier (Nantes) La Ville entre mémoire et rupture dans la littérature syrienne Samira Aghacy (Beirut) Domestic Spaces in Lebanese War Fiction: Entrapment or Liberation? Ken Seigneurie (Beirut) The Everyday World of War in Hassan Daoud’s House of Mathilde Paul Starkey (Durham, U.K.) Crisis and Memory in Rashid al-Daif’s Dear Mr Kawabata: An Essay in Narrative Disorder Part Two – Memory and Homeland Todd Hasak-Lowy (Gainesville, Florida) Thesis, Antithesis, Thesis: Nature in S. Yizhar’s War of Independence Stories Sobhi Boustani (Lille) Terre natale et paysages urbains dans le roman palestinien: Essai sur les œuvres de Ghassan Kanafani et Emile Habibi Juliane Hammer (Washington, D.C.) A Crisis of Memory: Homeland and Exile in Contemporary Palestinian Memoirs Richard van Leeuwen (Amsterdam) A Journey to Reality: Mourid Barghouti’s I Saw Ramallah Abir Hamdar (Beirut) Exile, Home and Identity: Constructing Alternative Spaces in The Homeland by Hamida Nana Susanne Enderwitz (Heidelberg) “Home” in Palestinian Autobiographies Contributors Index Preface A word is in order about the words in our title. “Levantine” gets the nod over “Middle” or “Near Eastern,” “West Asian” and “Mashrek” as each of these terms encompass too much territory: Turkey, Iraq, the Persian Gulf states are beyond our purview. Bilād al-Shām would work except that it is not generally understood by non-Arabic speakers and therefore would undermine the book’s objective, which is to coax readers into the stream of Levantine literature. Nor, to be sure, is “Levant” the perfect term since it evokes a bygone horizon stretching from Izmir to Alexandria. Yet Levant it is and for a couple of reasons. The term refers not only to the eastern littoral of the Mediterranean, but also allusively to the region’s actual and “orientalized” complexity. Perhaps the following essays devoted to self-representations of the Levant will build new meanings into this old word. The terms “modern” and “crisis” go together in the Levant as elsewhere, only more so. The fictions and memoirs studied here follow modernity’s ideologies, gender troubles and culture clashes as these intersect with crisis in the Levant. The texts intervene in another of this book’s key concepts, “memory.” Whether they bid to build it, or rescue it from erasure, or save it from opportunistic manipulations, none of the narratives studied here are indifferent to memory. There can be no forgetfulness or escape for this literature. “Space,” as the ultimate stake in modern Levantine crises and memory, would seem to be the ground upon which everything else rests. Indeed, the contributors to this book have studied how fictions and memoirs relate to spaces, actual and virtual. Yet memory can also trump space, as Lebanese architect and urban planner, Jad Tabet, pointed out in a recent interview about Beirut’s post-war development project: In one way or another, they wanted to erase the notion that a war had occurred there and erase also the memory of this ancient city that had spawned it. It is a way of beginning from ground zero, a way of reinvoking the myth of the Phoenix who is reborn from its own ashes but who is reborn with all his wings shimmering. But memory resists and memory cannot be erased like that. What is very dangerous is that the return of the repressed can sometimes be catastrophic. We know it in Lebanon and we know it everywhere. Space is not only gravid with meanings that condition memory; memory too bears meanings that in turn condition spaces. The contributors to this volume focus on this interplay in the final key word in our title, “narrative.” As a way of knowing, narrative (from gnārus, “knowing”) links memory and space. Yet, as mere strings of signs standing for persons, things and events, and leading to a point that is foisted upon the whole, narrative knowledge can never be more than contingent. The august function of narrative and its simultaneous fragility, are reasons why so much energy is lavished on controlling it. This book is devoted to understanding the techniques used to build and inflect narrative in its various forms from memoir and autobiography to the novel. As for the production process of this book itself, if ever I doubted the weight of social space, this project has made a believer of me. In consulting books of similar scope, I was impressed by the rigorous method Oxford-based Robin Ostle displays in his short foreword to Modern Literature in the Near and Middle East: 1850-1970, and by the firm grasp of history Paris-based Boutros Hallaq displays in his presentation of La Poétique de l’espace dans la littérature arabe moderne. From the other side of the Atlantic, Brown University’s Kamal Abdel-Malek and David C. Jacobson are equally impressive for their sensible, even-handed preface to their Israeli and Palestinian Identities in History and Literature. I confess to having tried to follow the unpoliticized rigor and warmth of these books, but connections between scholarship and political controversy that may be implicit elsewhere are often manifest in Beirut, and this is not always a bad thing. Issues that appear cut-and-dried elsewhere throb with controversy in Beirut. This book is born of such debate and to this extent, it is a child of the city. Soon after this book was proposed, numerous objections were bruited, among them that it deals with only narrative in Arabic and Hebrew, having left out other Levantine languages such as Armenian and Turkish. Even within its scope, the book also neglects or under-represents numerous areas and authors. These choices reflect the interests of those who chose to contribute, and the result does not pretend to adequately represent the range of narrative in the Levant. Some have also complained that two Levantine languages are too many when one of them is Hebrew. The most plausible reason for the proposed exclusion of Hebrew is that this literature is in no real sense of the word Levantine inasmuch as it was generally nourished in a European context until the twentieth century. True enough, but the Hebrew language was never simply a European language and East European Jews were arguably never simply Europeans. There exists an irreducible ambivalence of Hebrew-language culture that many who today share mixed origins or diaspora lives can well appreciate. Come to think of it, “ambivalent identity” may be the one thing common to all the Levant. Given that massive Jewish immigration into Palestine is a fact and that the literature of this experience has some relation to Levantine culture, to ignore it would be as intellectually unsound as willful ignorance of the Palestinian experience. Indeed, none less than the dean of Arab commitment, Ghassan Kanafani, also displayed serious interest in Zionist literature in Fi al-ʾAdab al-Sihyuni (On Zionist Literature) – and arguably not just “to know the enemy” but to know the truth of a cultural situation, which is also the aim of the present volume. I would like to thank the following persons and institutions for their support and assistance. Angelika Neuwirth initiated the project and has been a guiding force since its inception. The Lebanese American University in Beirut has offered me a livelihood, and its library has proven far greater than its modest size would suggest. I thank its director, Aida Naaman, and the members of her staff with whom I have had the pleasure of working: Cendrella Abdallah, Sawsan Habre, Aida Hajjar, Bughdana Hajjar, and Kamal Jaroudy. I thank Edgard Weber of the Université de Toulouse – Le Mirail for organizing “Symposium 2000: Les Romanciers libanais d’expression arabe,” a conference whose stimulating atmosphere boosted interest in this project. For their help in desktop page layout, I thank Chirine Abou Chakra, Birgit Embalo, Emma Ghannagé and especially Hussam Harakeh. I also thank Jean Aucagne s.j. for looking over the style in French. Perhaps more than for most such cooperative projects, the contributors to this volume deserve my gratitude for the patience and confidence they have shown from the beginning. I have tried to make the product worthy of their significant investment. It certainly goes against the spirit of Beirut to thank persons for the intangibles of friendship and stimulating conversation, yet this book owes much to both. It has been my great fortune to count among my friends Rashid al-Daif and John Donahue s.j., both exceptionally knowledgeable in Levantine culture. John has moreover put together the handiest Arabic transliteration software I have encountered. Most of all, I acknowledge the mentorship of Samira Aghacy whose expertise in Arabic literature and whose advice at each step of the way in this project has been invaluable. In her capacity as Chair of Humanities at LAU – Beirut, she has also performed the inestimable feat of providing a propitious environment for research, teaching and writing. Finally, May Semaan Seigneurie has been my most critical and consistently helpful reader. As extensive as my debts are to these friends and colleagues, on numerous occasions in the production process of this book I have chosen not to take counsel, and therefore the responsibility for the final product is mine alone. Ken Seigneurie 21 March 2003 Works Cited Abdel-Malek, Kamal and David C. Jacobson. Israeli and Palestinian Identities in History and Literature. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999. Hallaq, Boutros, Robin Ostle, and Stefan Wild, eds. La Poétique de l’espace dans la littérature arabe moderne. Paris: Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle, 2002. Kanafani, Ghassan. Fi al-ʾAdab al-Sihyuni (On Zionist Literature). Beirut: Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filistiniyya, Markaz al-Abhath, 1967. Ostle, Robin. Modern Literature in the Near and Middle East: 1850-1970. London: Routledge, 1991. Tabet, Jad. Interview. Beyrouth: Trois Visages de la mémoire (Beirut: Three Faces of Memory). Dir. François Caillat. Paris: La Cinq, 2002. Note on Style and Transliteration This book is aimed at both specialists in Levantine literature as well as those who are not necessarily familiar with the Arabic and Hebrew languages. Contributors have therefore provided bibliographic information on translations and have quoted from available translations whenever possible. In the absence of published translations, the reader may assume that translations of quoted texts are the author’s own and that page number references are to the original Arabic or Hebrew. Articles in French follow French style guidelines. In all essays transliterations are used only when germane to the author’s argument and follow guidelines established by the International Journal of Middle East Studies. Finally, I have adopted the MLA style of in-text citations for ease of reading. Index Ýawda (return), 167, 224, 225, 232, 233 A Deserted Winter (al-Hayek), 85 ÝAbbas, Ihsan, 225 ÝAbboud, Anisa Al-NaÝnaÝ al- barri (La Menthe sauvage), 76 Abdel-Malek, Kamal, 8 Abdul Hadi, Mufid, 179, 180, 184, 193 The Other Side of the Coin, 180 Accad, Evelyn, 84, 93 AchÞtiya (Habibi), 59 Al-ÞAdab, 14, 15 aesthetic (n.), 15, 16, 21, 25, 26 Africa, 94 Aghacy, Samira, 25, 102, 115, 125 Al-Ahram, 43 Alcalay, Ammiel, 16 Alep, 67, 77 Alexandrette, 69 Alexandria, 7, 35, 44 “Capital of memory”, 35 “spirit of”, 36 alienation, 16, 21, 22, 184, 187, 211-16, 219, 221, 224, 235 allégorie, 80, 150, 159, 165 allegory, 39, 101, 104, 221 Allen, Roger, 44 Allenby Bridge, 202, 205 Almog, Oz, 133 Alter, Robert, 17, 19 Ambers and Ashes (Sharabi), 179, 188 Amichai, Yehuda, 58 anachrony, 116, 121, 122, 126 analepsis, 38, 121, 127 anisochrony, 126 Arab Human Development Report 2002, 12 arabesque, as literary figure, 62 Arabesques (Shammas), 51-64, 220 ÝAraidi, NaÝim, 54, 56, 220 Aran, Gideon, 137 al-ÞAshkar, Youssef Habshi Al-Zil wa-al-Sada (The Shadow and the Echo), 85, 87 Ashrawi, Hanan, 226, 227, 232 Attiyeh, Ahmad Mohammad, 14, 21 Auerbach, Eric, 103 autobiography, 8, 52, 53, 62, 116, 124, 126, 178, 180, 224, 225, 227 function of, 181 Palestinian, 178, 179, 180, 223-59 Autumn Quail (Mahfouz), 35, 41-44 Avidan, David, 56 Avi-Yonah, Eva, 230 B for a House Named Beirut (Yunis), 84 Bachelard, Gaston, 86, 89 Badawi, M.M., 13 Badmington, Neil, 26 Baghdad, 172 Bakhtine, Mikhaïl, 171 Band, Arnold, 18, 19 Barakat, Halim, 21 Barakat, Hoda, 22, 23, 24, 25, 84, 104 Hajar al-Dahek (The Stone of Laughter), 22, 84, 86, 87, 89 Barbulesco, Luc, 40 Barghouti, Mourid, 179, 180, 185, 186, 187, 188, 193, 194, 195, 200-09 RaÞaytu Ramallah (I Saw Ramallah), 180, 200-09 Barrès, Maurice, 35 Désintéressement, 37 Barthes, Roland, 211 Baudrillard, Jean, 26 al-Bayati, Abd al-Wahhab “Traveler Without Luggage”, 212 Beauvoir, Simone de, 211 Bedouins, 183, 227 Beirut, 7, 8, 14, 85, 89, 91, 95, 101, 106, 109, 120, 127, 179, 180, 184, 188, 232, 234 Martyrs’ Square, 123 Benjamin, Walter, 136 Benvenisti, Meron, 133, 138, 139 Bethlehem, 229 Bettelheim, Herbert, 230 Beyrouth, 70, 71, 172 Beyrouth 75 (al-Samman), 70 Bhabha, Homi, 59, 60 Bilād al-Shām, VII Bildungsroman, 115 Bird from the Moon (Ussayran), 85 borders and boundaries, 64, 85, 87, 91, 92, 104, 105, 108, 110, 111, 112, 200-09, 212, 216, 218, 220, 231, 232 Boshas, Heda, 63 Boullata, Issa, 219 Bourdieu, Pierre, 112 Bourneuf, R., 165 Bowman, Glenn, 177, 178 Brecht, Bertold The Life of Galileo, 122, 129 Brenner Prize, 143 Brown, Bill, 23 Buccianti, Alexandre, 43 Butor, Michel, 168, 170, 171 Cairo, 41, 42, 44, 45, 180, 184, 186, 204 campagne, 69, 73, 74, 146 camps des réfugiés, 170, 172 Cassioun, 68 Cavafy, Constantinos, 35, 36, 37, 47 censorship, 12, 43 Certeau, Michel de, 24, 88, 104 Chahine, Youssef Iskandariyya Leh?, 39 character, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 38, 39, 44, 102, 103 Chasseurs dans une rue étroite (Djabra), 172 Christian, 19, 21, 89, 90, 92, 104, 107, 109, 111, 115, 226, 229, 230 Maronite, 115, 123 Christianity, 57 Christie, Agatha Death on the Nile, 129 Cisjordanie, 152, 154 city, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 84, 185 and danger, 96, 123 and desire, 95 and memory, 228 and violence, 86, 89 myth of, 38, 39, 40 Palestinian, 230 civil society, 25, 87 class, 24, 85, 101, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 121, 178, 184 middle, 179, 184, 195, 228 commitment, 12-25, 87, 93, 206 Arab, VIII, 15 Zionist, 15 communism, 21, 90, 115, 121 Cooke, Miriam, 25, 45, 96 Corneille, Pierre Le Cid, 129 cosmopolitanism, 35, 41, 42 crisis, VII in literature, 12 of memory, 177, 189, 190, 192, 195, 196 personal, 188 regional, 11 social and political, 22, 27, 41, 177 culture, 61 and ambivalence, 212, 217, 219 and space, 109, 211 Arab, 12, 62 Eastern Mediterranean, 36 Hebrew language, VIII, 17, 19 Hebrew-Jewish-Israeli, 59 Israeli, 16 Israeli-Arab, 59 Jewish, 17, 19, 52, 56 Levantine, VIII, IX, 13 Palestinian, 59, 151, 229 popular, 227 religious, 26 urban, 234 vs. nature, 76 Western, 11, 212, 226, 237 Zionist, 20, 135 Culture and Imperialism (Said), 11 al-Daif, Rashid, 12, 22, 23, 24, 25, 83, 88-92, 115-29 Ahl al-Zil (The Shade Dwellers), 85, 86, 88, 93 Al-Mustabid (The Obstinate), 92 ʿAzizi al-Sayyid Kawabata (Dear Mr Kawabata), 15, 21, 115-29 Fusha Mustahdafa Bayna al-Nuʾas wa-al-Nawm (Passage to Dusk), 22, 83, 88-92 Dallal, Shaw, 233 Damascus, 67-74, 213 Daoud, Hassan, 22, 23, 24, 25, 101, 104, 112 Binayat Mathilde (The House of Mathilde), 22, 85, 101-12 Darwish, Mahmud, 59, 64, 181, 223, 224, 226, 237, 238 Dhakira li-al-Nisyan (Memory for Forgetfulness), 223 Days of Ziklag (Yizhar), 136, 141 De retour à Haïfa (Kanafani), 149, 157 Dear Mr Kawabata (al-Daif), 15, 21, 115-29 Debates with Western Thinkers (Nana), 211 Derrida, Jacques Le Monolinguisme de l’autre ou la prothèse d’origine, 54 Des hommes au soleil (Kanafani), 145, 147, 152, 169, 170 Des hommes et des fusils (Kanafani), 149, 152, 159 desert, 185 désert, 69, 72, 74, 75, 76, 147, 169, 170 désillusion, 72 desire, imitative, 107 diaspora, VIII, 60, 135, 185, 187, 195 Jewish, 133, 135 Palestinian, 177-81, 185, 189, 190, 195, 196, 231, 236 disillusionment, 16, 18, 41, 213 Al-Diyar, 88 Djabra, Djabra Ibrahim Al-Safina, 172 Sayyadoun fi shariʿ dayyiq (Chasseurs dans une rue étroite), 172 Drabble, Margaret, 117, 129 Durrell, Lawrence, 35, 39, 40, 41, 45 Eco, Umberto, 117, 124, 125, 129 effet de réel, 67, 68 Egypt, 27, 35-47, 184, 200, 215 independence of 1922, 42 Revolution of 1952, 42, 43, 45 Suez war of 1956, 43, 122 Eliot, T.S., 37 The Waste Land, 37 emigration, 185, 213 Palestinian, 183, 192 al-Enany, Rasheed, 43, 44 engagement, 14 artistique, 145, 172, 173 dans la lutte armée, 148-50, 153, 172, 173 idéologique, 145, 172, 173 Enlightenment, the, 12-13, 19, 22, 26 Ephrayim Returns to the Alfalfa (Yizhar), 134-37 Ermarth, Elizabeth, 26, 102 espace, 69 description, 154, 160, 165, 171 et littérature, 67 et mémoire, 76 et violence, 75 figuré, 67, 80 intermédiaire, 78 magique, 70 mythique, 80 naturel, 145, 164, 169, 172 référentiel, 67 romanesque, 67, 68, 77, 80 rural, 73, 74 urbain, 67-72, 76, 81, 145, 157, 161, 164-65, 168, 173 ethnicity, 24, 27, 112 Europe, VIII, 16, 17, 60, 218, 224 European Cultural Foundation, 115 exile, 42, 55, 125, 180, 185, 186, 208, 212-21, 224, 226, 228, 232, 234 and disorientation, 201, 204 and inspiration, 206 and return, 202, 204, 208, 224, 225 as home, 220, 221, 236, 237 Jewish, 55, 137 Palestinian, 177, 178, 181, 185-95, 200, 202, 203, 206, 209, 214, 224, 225, 232, 236 psychological, 211-13, 219, 220 Exile’s Return (Turki), 179, 191, 192, 193 Exodus, book of, 61 Faqir, Fadia, 211, 212 al-Faysal, Samar Rouhi, 67, 68 Feldman, Yael, 57 feminism, 45 feudal elites, 13, 22 fiction, VII Palestinian, 192 focalization, 102, 142 Forster, E.M., 35, 37 Foucault, Michel, 58, 83, 133, 211 Fowles, John, 38 Frank, Joseph, 91 Freud, Sigmund, 92 From the Notebooks of a Woman (Nana), 211 Fusul, 12 gender, VII, 13, 24, 26, 27, 45, 83, 85, 92-97, 104, 109, 112, 212, 215, 218, 221 Genet, Jean, 238 Genette, Gérard, 116, 126, 136, 171 geography, 83, 133, 203, 213 al-Ghaly, Salwa, 94 Ghanaʾyim, Muhammad, 54 al-Ghitani, Gamal, 104 Gillis, John, 177 Girard, René, 107, 108 Goldenstein, Jean-Pierre, 171 Goldmann, Lucien, 153 Gonzales-Quijano, Yves, 223 Gover, Yerach, 20 Goytisolo, Juan, 238 Griffiths, Morwenna, 216 Grosz, Elizabeth, 93 Gurevitch, Zali, 137 Habibi, Emile, 59, 145, 149-51, 154-74 "Al-Hubbu fi qalbi" (L'Amour dans mon coeur), 173 "Bawwabat Mandilbawm" (La Porte de Mandelbaum), 152 "Marthiyyat al-siltʿawn " (Elégie à un crabe), 166 "Nawwar al-lawz" (Les Amandiers en fleurs), 149, 154 Achʾ tiya, 59 Al- Waqaʾiʿ al-ghariba fi khtifaʾ Saʿid Abi al-Nahs al-Mutashaʾil (Les Aventures extraordinaires de Saʿid le Peptimiste), 150, 157, 164, 165, 170, 173 Saraya bint al-ghoul (Saraya fille de l'ogre), 150, 155, 164 Sudasiyyat al-ayyam al-sitta (Sizaine des six jours), 149, 175 Halasa, Ghalib, 67 Halkin, Hillel, 55 Hallaq, Boutros, VIII Hamarneh, Walid, 38 al-Hamdani, Hamid, 67 Haqqi, Badiʿ Al-Turab al-hazin (La Terre triste), 148 Haqqi, Yehya, 217 Qindil Umm Hashim (The Saint’s Lamp and Other Stories), 217 Harlow, Barbara, 21 Harshav, Benjamin, 17, 136 Harvey, David, 24 Haskalah (Jewish enlightenment), 16 Havel, Vaclav, 25 Haydar, Haydar, 68-76, 78, 81 Al-Zaman al-mouhish (Le Temps dévasté), 68-76, 81 al-Hayek, René Shitaa Mahjur (A Deserted Winter), 85 Haykal, Yusuf, 232, 235 Hebrew, the New, 133, 134, 135 Heller, Joseph, 19 Herzl, Theodor, 59 Hever, Hannan, 20, 53, 62, 134 histoire, 71, 75, 77, 78, 165 historical determinism, 121 historiography Israeli, 193 Palestinian, 179, 184 history, 19, 23, 35, 86, 136, 177, 204, 205 and gender, 83, 87 and geography, 83, 136, 137 assumptions about, 23, 25, 46 Egyptian, 40 engagement with, 89, 90, 136, 137, 225 Israeli-Palestinian, 53 Jewish, 135, 136 oral, 179, 190 Palestinian, 178, 184, 190-93 personal, 58, 184, 193 refuge from, 88, 97, 137, 142 Holy Land, the, 17 home, 86, 89, 106, 110, 182, 186, 212, 213, 216, 221, 236 and geography, 186, 188, 196, 216 as exile, 219, 236, 237 as refuge, 89 collective, 227 ironized, 234 Palestinian, 182 psychological, 186, 194, 214-15, 221, 234 urban, 228 homeland, 27, 180, 185-86, 195, 211-21, 224, 236 and geography, 200, 207, 213 Jewish, 133, 135 Jewish-Palestinian, 60 Palestinian, 177-96, 199, 205, 214, 216, 217, 221, 223, 224, 225, 232 psychological, 209, 212, 214, 216, 218, 219, 220, 221, 234 homelessness, 56, 227, 236, 237 humanism, 26 hybridity, 53, 236 I Saw Ramallah (Barghouti), 180, 200-09 identity, 37, 52, 58, 86, 195, 212 ambivalent, VIII, 16, 51 and history, 47 and memory, 177 and space, 90, 95, 97, 213 Arab, 211 Arab-Israeli, 51, 52, 54, 55 Arab-Israeli-Palestinian, 63 class, 112 collective, 83, 199, 215, 227, 235 Palestinian, 235 crisis, 56, 57 cultural, 178, 221 essentialized, 26, 61 ethnic, 227 formation of, 41 gender, 87 hybrid, 236 Israeli, 19, 59 Jewish-Israeli, 51, 53, 59, 60 Kurdish, 212, 213, 218, 220, 221 national, 177, 178, 190, 191, 196, 232 Palestinian, 51, 59, 60, 178, 179, 183, 190-96, 204, 226, 232, 235, 236 Palestinian-American, 191 Palestinian-Israeli, 60 personal, 92-95, 178, 199, 214, 235 reciprocal, 53 ideological codes, 24 ideology, VII, 24, 46, 90, 133 Christian, 112 Nasserism, 43, 44 naturalized, 25 of commitment, 22 Palestinian folk, 227 programmatic, 16, 19, 23, 25 Zionist, 18, 19, 133, 135, 137, 143 Idriss, Suhayl, 217 Al-Hay al-Latini (The Latin Quarter), 217 ightirāb (alienation), 16, 21 Ikhlasi, Walid, 77, 81 Dar al-mutʿa (La Maison du plaisir), 68, 77, 81 iltizām (commitment), 14, 15, 16, 21 image, 17, 63, 153 imagery, decadent, 37 imagination, 206 and ideology, 59, 203, 221 artistic, 173, 199 personal, 91, 214, 218 immigration, 226 Jewish, VIII, 160, 184, 193, 230 imperialism, 13 impressionism, 136 intellectuals, 12, 15, 187, 192 Arab, 193, 230 Israeli, 18, 52 Palestinian, 179, 184, 187, 188, 190, 191, 195, 196 Palestinian-Israeli, 20 Sephardic-Israeli, 20 interiority, psychological, 89, 90, 91 invasion Bonaparte's of Egypt, 35 Israeli of Lebanon, 22 Iraq, VII, 75, 169, 225 ironie, 150, 166, 172 irony, 19, 25, 37, 59, 60, 62 Islam, 57, 75, 127, 128 Israel, 64 Arab culture in, 62 culture of, 18, 19, 51, 53, 56 Erets Yisrael, 133 founding of, 13, 16, 18, 59, 115 idea of, 16 land of, 137, 143 names for, 133, 205 post-Zionist, 20 state of, 53, 177, 203, 224, 232 Israel-Palestine, 27 Al-Ittihad, 145 Izmir, VII Jabès, Edmond, 64 Jabra, Jabra Ibrahim, 13, 14, 225, 228, 229 Jacobson, David C., VIII al-Jahiz, 129 JanMohammed, Abdul, 226 Jericho, 229 Jerusalem, 154, 160, 161, 162, 165, 166, 167, 168, 206 Jerusalem Memories (Shahid), 180 Jordan, 231 Palestinians in, 190 Judaism, 17, 57 Kahana-Carmon, Amalia, 20 Kanafani, Ghassan, 14, 145-49, 152-74 "Al-ʿArous" (La Mariée), 161 "Al-Batal fi al-zinzana" (Le Héros dans sa cellule), 172 "Al-Qamis al-masrouq" (La Chemise volée), 171 "Al-Saghir wa-abouhu wa-al-martina yadhhabouna ila qalʾat Djiddin" (Le Petit, son père et le fusil vont à la forteresse de Djiddin), 155 "Al-Saghir yaktashif ʿan al-muftah yushbihu al-faʾs" (Le Petit découvre la ressemblance entre la clef et la hache), 166 "Al-ʾUfuq waraʾ al-bawwaba" (L'Horizon derrière le passage), 166 "Ard al-burtuqal al-hazin" (La Terre des orangers tristes), 148, 157, 163, 168 "Darb khaʾin" (Le Traître), 169 "Ila an yaʿoud" (Jusqu’à son retour), 147, 169 "Kana yawma dhaka tifla" (Il était alors petit garçon), 173 "Mawt sarir raqm 12" (La Mort du lit no. 12), 170 "Qatil fi al-Mawsil" (Un mort à Mossoul), 162 "Raʾs al-asad al-hadjari" (La Tête d'un lion en pierre), 153 "Thalath ʾawraq min Filistin" (Trois papiers de Palestine), 161 "Waraqa min Gaza" (Un papier de Gaza), 156 ʾAdab al-Muqawamah fi Filistin al-Muhtallah: 1948-1966 (Resistance Literature in Occupied Palestine 1948-1966), 14 ʿAʾid ila Haïfa (De retour à Haïfa), 149, 157, 162, 165, 236 ʿAn al-ridjal wa-al-banadiq (Des hommes et des fusils), 149, 152, 159 Fi al-ʾAdab al-Sihyuni (On Zionist Literature), VIII, 14 Ma tabaqqa lakum (L’Horloge et le désert), 159, 163, 169 Ridjal fi al-shams (Des hommes au soleil), 145, 147, 152, 169, 170 Umm Saʿd (Mère de Saʿd), 146, 147, 149, 152, 156 Kawabata, Yasunari, 116 The Master of Go, 116 Kermode, Frank, 24 Khaled, Leila, 211 Khalidi, Rashid, 228, 231 Palestinian Identity, 178 Khayr, Nazih, 54 Khoury, Elias, 12, 15, 83 Al-Jabal al-Saghir (Little Mountain), 83, 84 Rihlat Gandi al-Saghir (The Journey of Little Gandhi), 83 Kilpatrick, Hilary, 14 Klemm, Verena, 14, 15 Koweit, 145, 152, 169, 170 Kronfeld, Chana, 59, 134 L’Atelier, 36 L’Horloge et le désert (Kanafani), 159, 163, 169 La Maison du plaisir (Ikhlasi), 68, 77-81 La Menthe sauvage (ʿAbboud), 76 La Réforme, 36 La Terre triste (Haqqi), 148 Lackany, Radamès, 36 language, 54 Arabic, 55, 191, 214, 224 as home, 54, 56 English, 191, 224 Hebrew, VIII, 53, 56-58, 63, 64 Israeli, 56 Jewish, 55, 56 Yiddish, 55 Laor, Dan, 62 la terre natale, 145-169 Lattaquié, 67, 76 lbert, Robert, 38, 42 Le Temps dévasté (Haydar), 68-76, 78, 81 Lebanon, 27, 180, 231 and war, 95, 101, 115 cultural history, 87, 94 Palestinians in, 61, 182, 186, 190, 195 refugee camps in, 225 Lefebvre, Henri, 24, 103 Les Aventures extraordinaires de Saʿid le Peptimiste (Habibi), 150, 157, 164-65, 173 Les Tells (al-Rahib), 76 Lessing, Doris The Grass Is Singing, 112 Levant, the, VII, VIII, 11, 12, 16, 21 cosmopolitan, 44 defined, VII Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 35 liberation, 26 national, 13, 214 Palestinian, 219 literature Arabic, 12-16, 21, 56, 57, 104, 115, 116, 129, 192, 217, 230 Egyptian, 43 Hebrew, 16-20, 21, 51, 58, 62, 63, 143 Israeli, 19 Jewish, 17, 56 Levantine, VII, 11 mediation of, 17, 209 of commitment, 12, 17, 22, 24, 134 Palestinian, 177, 185, 230, 232 Palestinian-Israeli, 219, 220 Western, 38, 103 world, 117, 129 Zionist, VIII, 14, 17, 134 Little Mountain (Khoury), 83, 84 Lukács, Georg, 21, 22, 23, 26, 172 Madrid conference, 238 Mahfouz, Naguib, 35-47 Al-Summan wa-al-Kharif (Autumn Quail), 35, 41-44 Miramar, 35, 38-47 Thulathiyyat (The Cairo Trilogy), 43 Zuqaq al-Midaq (Midaq Alley), 43 Mahood, M.M., 42 Malpas, J.E., 199 Mandate, British, 18, 133, 184, 193 Mandelbaum Gate, 166, 167 Mansur, Atallah, 54 In a New Light, 220 martyrdom, 14 martyre, 75, 156, 168 Massalha, Salman, 54 Massey, Doreen, 83 McDowell, Linda and Joane Sharp Space, Gender, Knowledge, 86 Medhrez, Samia, 43 mémoire, 77, 79, 80, 150 de la Palestine, 160 lieu de, 81 personnelle, 80, 150 memoirs, VII, 46, 178, 179, 181, 185, 211 Palestinian, 177-96 memory, VII, 27, 37, 124, 125, 127, 213 collective, 18, 125, 177-81, 189, 190, 191, 196 environmental, 182 intellectual, 225 Jewish, 223 Palestinian, 184, 223 personal, 125, 178 Memory for Forgetfulness (Darwish), 223 métalepse, 165 metaphor, 85, 206 métaphore, 151, 157 spatiale, 171 métonymie, 148, 159 metonymy, 41 Michael, Sami, 57 microcosm, 43, 104, 109 Midaq Alley (Mahfouz), 43 Mille et Une Nuits, 70, 78, 173 mimesis, 39, 107, 108 Mina, Hanna, 14 Minh-ha, Trinh T., 215, 219 Mintz, Alan, 19 Miramar (Mahfouz), 38-47 Miron, Dan, 143 Mitchell, Timothy, 112 modernism, 21 modernité, 77, 79, 81 modernity, VII, 12, 16, 21-25, 37, 45 Morrison, Paul, 94 Mouvement Nationaliste Arabe, 145 Mukherjee, Bharati, 213 Jasmine, 216 Mur des Lamentations, 168 Muslim, 21, 42, 45, 89, 104, 110, 115, 128 Shiite, 21, 104, 108, 110, 112 Al-Mustabid (Daif), 92 al-Mutanabbi, 129 myth of decadence, 35, 38, 44 al-nah±a (the renaissance), 12 al-nakba (the catastrophe), 182, 189, 190, 193 Nana, Hamida, 211-21 "Writing Away the Prison", 211 Al-Subh al-Dami fi ʿAdan (The Bloody Morning in Eden), 211 Al-Watan fi al-ʿaynayn (The Homeland), 211-21 Hiwarat maʿ Mufakiri al-gharb (Debates with Western Thinkers), 211 Man Yajruʾ ʿala al-Shawq (Who Dares to Desire), 211 Min Dafater Imraʾa (From the Notebooks of a Woman), 211 narrative, 11 defined, VII mediating function of, 200 national, 143 Palestinian, 53 travel, 35 narrator, 118 Nasrallah, Emily Al-Iqlaʿ ʿaks al-Zaman (Flight Against Time), 217 nationalism, 53, 191, 192, 196, 214, 216, 231 Palestinian, 53, 214, 227, 231 nature description of, 141 Neuwirth, Angelika, 229 Nobel Prize, 117 nostalgia, 39, 64, 86, 207, 213, 218, 233, 234 nostalgie, 78, 148, 167 novel, VIII and myth, 35 Arabic, 13, 25 existentialism, 22 Jordanian-Palestinian, 15 Lebanese, 21 modern, 101 modernism, 35, 46 realism, 22-23, 35, 43, 46, 101, 102 romanticism, 22 Hebrew, 18, 19, 134 le nouveau roman, 13 postmodern, 13 Western, 43, 47 occupation, Israeli, 52, 57, 189, 195, 200, 204, 226 opportunism, 22, 45, 88 orientalism, 11, 35, 139 Orientalism (Said), 11, 193 Oslo process, 177, 180, 189, 194, 196 Ostle, Robin, VIII Out of Place (Said), 180, 186 Oz, Amos, 20, 54 PAA (Palestinian Autonomous Authority), 200 Palestine, 15, 16, 223 and memory, 182-96, 200, 202, 224, 234 conquered territories, 215 espace de la, 158, 164, 172 history of, 213, 229 idea of, 178, 194, 195, 206, 225 land of, VIII, 17, 64, 69, 137, 143, 182, 184, 193-95, 199, 228, 231, 235, 237 literary image of, 16, 229 memory of, 195 names for, 133, 205 nation of, 53 revolt of 1936, 57, 184 space of, 209 Palestine: Painful Memories (Salih), 180 Palestinian resistance movement, 115, 127, 211, 214 Palmach, 134 parabole, 80 paratext, 117 Passage to Dusk (al-Daif), 22, 83, 88-92 peasant, Palestinian, 184 Persian Gulf, VII PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine), 211 pharmakôn, 46 Pictures of the Past (Sharabi), 179, 182, 188, 191 place, 83, 181, 199-201, 205, 208 Plato, 35 PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization), 192, 223, 231, 237, 238 plot, 21-24, 92 poetry Arabic, 233 Palestinian, 192, 204, 206 point of view, 18, 19, 37, 38. See also focalization poststructuralism, 23 Potok, Rena, 219, 220 progress, 13, 17 prolepsis, 121 Qaatami, Samir, 15 Qleibo, ʿAli, 227, 233 racism, 45 al-Rahib, Hani Al-Tilal (Les Tells), 76 realism, 22-23, 103. See also novel:realism réalité extérieure, 67, 68 Realities of a Palestinian Childhood (Rimawi), 180, 182 récit, fragmenté, 165 refugee camp, 179, 184, 185, 195, 224, 225, 232, 237 refugees, Palestinian, 189, 190 representation, 17, 23, 27, 36, 61, 92 and reality, 11, 19 Rimawi, Muhammad, 179, 180, 183, 184, 186, 189, 191 Waqaʾeʿ Tufula Filistiniyya (Realities of a Palestinian Childhood), 180, 182 roman, syrien, 68, 81 Rooke, Tetz, 178 Russia, 19 Saʿada, Antoun, 184 Al-Safina (Djabra), 172 Al-Safir, 211 Said, Edward, 179-84, 187, 188, 193-95, 212, 214, 215, 218, 226, 235, 236 Culture and Imperialism, 11 Orientalism, 11, 193 Out of Place, 180, 186 The Politics of Dispossession, 231 Sakakini, Hala, 231, 234, 236 Salah al-Din, 213 Salah, Yusra, 226 Saleh, Tayeb, 217 Mawsim al-Hijra ila al-Shamal (Seasons of Migration to the North), 217 Salih, Husni, 179-80, 184, 186, 191, 193 Filistin: Dhikrayat Muʾ lima (Palestine: Painful Memories), 180 al-Samman, Ghada, 68 Al-Qamar al-Murabbaʿ (The Square Moon), 217 Bayrut 75 (Beyrouth 75), 70 Saraya fille de l’ogre (Habibi), 150, 155, 164 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 211 Sarup, Madan, 212 Sayigh, Rosemary, 177, 179, 231 Scheherezad, 62 sectarianism, 16, 21, 22, 26, 83, 85, 90, 92, 101, 108, 109, 112 Seferis, George, 37 Seidel, Michael, 213 Shahid, Serene Husseini, 179-84, 188, 189, 191 Jerusalem Memories, 180 Shaked, Gershon, 18, 136, 137, 141 Shamir, Moshe, 134 Shammas, Anton, 51-64, 220 Arabeskot (Arabesques), 51-64, 220 Sharabi, Hisham, 179, 182, 184, 186-88, 191, 193-95, 224, 229, 230, 233, 234 Al-Jamr wa-al-Ramad (Ambers and Ashes), 179, 188 Suwar al-Madi (Pictures of the Past), 179, 182, 188, 191 al-Shaykh, Hanan, 83, 88, 96 Hikayat Zahra (The Story of Zahra), 83, 84, 88, 92-96 Shehadeh, Raja, 229, 232, 236 Shéhérazade, 80 Siddiq, Mohammad, 13 Silberstein, Laurence, 133 Slyomovics, Susan, 177, 182 Smilansky, Moshe, 63 Snir, Reoven, 56 social reality, 18, 22, 23 socialism, 45, 121, 134, 238 Soja, Edward, 24, 83 Soul in Exile (Turki), 179 Soviet Union, 115 space, 24, 103 and crisis, 41, 108 and description, 47, 103, 104, 138-41, 182, 185, 208 and identity, 199 and ideology, 83, 103, 111, 112, 213, 215, 220 and language, 52-53, 58, 60, 64, 214, 219 and memory, VII, 37, 181, 201 and narrative, 24, 41, 102-04, 181, 199, 224 and perception, 40, 199 and time, 41, 137, 199, 202, 204, 208, 234 diasporic, 181, 186, 190, 196, 201 domestic, 25, 84-97, 109 exterior, 83-87, 95, 96 gendered, 84, 87, 109, 112 interior, 83-92 liminal, 42, 220 mythic, 35, 41, 46, 224 psychological, 201, 205, 209, 214, 219, 220 social, VIII, 24, 27, 102, 107, 183, 212 symbolic, 85-86, 91 urban, 35, 37, 41, 229, 230 Spurr, David, 11 Stanford Friedman, Susan, 24 subjectivity, 21, 23, 24, 84, 88, 103 gendered, 97 Sudan, 225 Sweden, 180 Swedenburg, Ted, 177, 184 symbol, 37, 38, 41-45, 110, 123, 135, 185, 187, 204, 221 symbole, 81, 148-53, 157, 167, 168, 169 arbre, 148, 151 symbolism, 43, 45, 183, 185, 190, 206 political, 18, 44, 45, 195, 207, 227 symbolisme, 151-57 politique, 148, 150 synecdoche, 101 syntax, 135, 138 Syria, 27, 52, 180, 186, 211, 213, 214, 215 Greater, 182, 231 Syrian Nationalist Party, 184 terror, 51, 54, 59, 110 The Alexandria Quartet (Durrell), 37, 41 The Bloody Morning in Eden (Nana), 211 The Cairo Trilogy (Mahfouz), 43 The Disinherited (Turki), 179 The Homeland (Nana), 211-21 The House of Mathilde (Daoud), 22, 85, 101 The Journey of Little Gandhi (Khoury), 83 The Other Side of the Coin (Mufid), 180 The Politics of Dispossession (Said), 231 The Shade Dwellers (al-Daif), 85, 86, 88, 93 The Shadow and the Echo (al-ʾAshkar), 85, 87 The Stone of Laughter (Barakat), 22, 84, 86, 87, 89 The Story of Zahra (al-Shaykh), 83, 84, 89, 93 The Waste Land (Eliot), 37 Tibawi, Abdul Latif, 232 time, 83, 136, 142 "masculine", 83 and exile, 201 and memory, 181 and myth, 39 and narrative, 24, 35, 41, 46, 103, 121, 122 Messianic, 136 of representation, 135 representation of, 102, 135, 136, 142 Tomiche, Nada, 173 topos, 11, 35, 38, 69 city, 123 Tsirkas, Stratis Drifting Cities, 37 Tueni, Ghassan, 101 Turkey, VII Turki, Fawaz, 179, 184-95, 224, 225, 231-38 Exile’s Return, 179, 191-93 Soul in Exile, 179 The Disinherited, 179 typology, 136 Umm Kulthum, 39, 41, 46 Umm Saʿd (Kanafani), 146-52, 156 Ungaretti, Guiseppe, 35, 37 United States, 17, 179, 182, 191, 224, 233, 237 University of Cairo, 200 Ussayran, Layla Taʾer Min al-Qamar (Bird from the Moon), 85 utopie, 75 Van Leeuwen, Richard, 104 Vial, Charles, 68 ville, 69, 76 lieu de fracture, 72, 76, 81 lumière, 69 royaume du plaisir, 72 violence, 22, 26, 70, 72, 74, 75, 83, 88, 89, 91, 93, 109, 164, 169 and language, 54 domestic, 93 ethnic-sectarian, 21, 53, 101, 112, 161, 172 political, 147, 148, 209 representation of, 173 war, 86, 101 Lebanese Civil, VII, 15, 21-23, 83, 97, 101, 115, 121 of 1948, 14, 57, 61, 115, 133, 136, 148, 154, 159, 161, 177-86, 232 of 1956, 43, 122 of 1967, 14, 22, 42, 47, 52, 62, 162, 167, 189, 215, 223, 226, 227 of 1973, 115 ongoing, 26 World War I, 17, 122, 125, 231 Watad, Muhammad, 54 West, the, 40, 212, 221 White, Hayden, 23 Who Dares to Desire (Nana), 211 Yehoshua, A.B., 20, 51, 60, 63 yidiʾat ha-arets (knowing the land), 133, 134, 138, 139 Yizhar, S., 63, 133-43 "Ha-Shavui" (The Prisoner), 63, 137-41, 142-43 "Shayarah Shel Chatsot" (Midnight Convoy), 141-43 "The Story of Chirbat Chizʾah", 63, 140, 141-43 Efrayim Chozer la-Aspeset (Ephrayim Returns to the Alfalfa), 134-37 Yeme Tsiklag (Days of Ziklag), 136, 141 Yunis, Iman Hmeidan Baʾ Mythil Bayt Mythil Bayrut (B for a House Named Beirut), 84 Yusuf Bey Karam, 125 Zaghlul, Saʿd, 41, 43, 44 Zahran, Yasmin, 232 Zanarini, Gaston, 36 Zerubavel, Yael, 14, 18, 19, 136 Zionism, 17, 22, 53, 55, 133, 136, 137, 138, 143, 225 post, 20 01 02 This volume explores the literary representation of social and political crises that have punctuated the second half of the 20th century in the Middle East. From the creation of the state of Israel and its continuing aftermath, to the Suez crisis, to the expulsion of the PLO from Jordan, to the Lebanese Civil War, literature “has been there” but seldom has it been considered a useful lens for understanding the causes and perpetuation of these crises. This collection of essays aims to show how literature can illuminate crises of ethnicity, gender, class, religion, and nation. While the contributors hail from several countries and display a variety of critical approaches, they all focus on the representation of space in narrative. 35 02 Diese Reihe stellt innovative Arbeiten zu den nahöstlichen Literaturen in ihren verschiedenen Epochen und Gattungen vor. Sie versteht sich nicht ausschließlich als ein Forum für Orientwissenschaftler, sondern möchte auch Komparatisten, Literaturwissenschaftlern und einer interessierten Öffentlichkeit Einblicke in das breite Spektrum gegenwärtig produzierter und rezipierter Literatur des Nahen Ostens bieten. Denn die Herausgeberinnen, Autorinnen und Autoren wollen den Titel der Reihe programmatisch verstanden wissen. Sie gehen von einem Begriff der Weltliteratur aus, der die orientalischen Literaturen nicht nur statisch einbegreift, sondern sie in ein Kulturregionen und Nationalsprachen übergreifendes Spannungsfeld stellt, dessen Dynamik erst im interdisziplinären Austausch erfasst werden kann. Sie gehen ferner davon aus, dass Literaturen in vielfacher Weise intertextuell geprägt sind, dass sie Lektüren verschiedenster vorausgehender Texte darstellen und daher erst in ihrem „lokalen historischen Kontext“ ihren Reiz als Ausdruck einer regional geprägten Ästhetik entfalten können. Die Reihe versucht so, einer neuen Sensibilität für mythische, archetypische, aber auch historische Subtexte in der nahöstlichen Literatur Bahn zu brechen, sie aber gleichzeitig als wichtigen Ausdruck einer globalen kulturellen Mobilität sichtbar zu machen. 35 02 Literatures in Context is a peer-reviewed book series devoted to Near Eastern and North African literatures. The editors want the title of the series to be understood programmatically. They presuppose a concept of world literature that includes Near Eastern and North African literatures. What is more, they assume that literatures are in many ways marked by intertextuality, that they constitute readings of extremely diverse earlier texts, and that they are posited within a field of tensions, much broader than their respective national language. For the earlier eras of Near Eastern and North African literatures, this field of tensions geographically covers the regions of the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean and Asia Minor. In modern times, it has become a space of interaction that has long since included “global” Western literatures (and realities). This does not imply that the modern Near Eastern and North African literatures have severed themselves from their predecessors. Instead it is precisely the tension between different sets of references in modern Near Eastern and North African literatures, or their “local historical context”, which is a great part of their attraction, that remains a crucial field of research for the modern scholar. 80 02 <h2><a href="/media/Prospekte/Litkon_2014.pdf">Katalog als PDF</a></h2> 99 DE 31 https://medialibrary.reichert-verlag.de/de/file/9783752000894_ebook.pdf 01 04 15275 Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag http://reichert-verlag.de Wiesbaden DE 04 20211129 2003 13 15 978-3-89500-340-0 04 15275 Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag +49 (0)611 9465911 +49 (0)611 468613 info@reichert-verlag.de 01 http://reichert-verlag.de 01 IP 00 20211129 02 02 49 EUR DE R 09 75