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…pomegranates remain. 15:55 3-2:165 ā masɫan ēma īsa nižü tahya253 mikarmē pay zimsānī Yes, for example, we…

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…ēma dī, īšān hāmāyo wār, ēma hāmāymē wār, ēma dī, min dö gila kirāčēm bē, īna-u aw yaka At that time, we…

E-Book Seite: 158
…šaftālü, hoz Figs, pomegranates, peaches, walnuts. 14:40 3-2:141 ē, masɫan sāwmān nīyan Eh, for example, we…

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…35 {no text} {no text} 01:25 3-1:36 ā mawqa dī lāsīkmān āyir dā, dükaɫānmān kard At that time, then, we…

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…The Texts and Translations 105 ZARDAYĀNA ENGLISH 1-1:215 luwāym wa kirmānšā wa daftar-e We went to Kermānšāh…

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…lāmān kardano čimā tāza ǰadīd āw kiryān ā pāča, tāza, niryānara čanī lēwānakay One was saying: “By God, we…

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…Zarda, a village of West Iran ZARDAYĀNA ENGLISH people in our house; our honor will disappear (i.e., if we…

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…I said: “I (we) are not thing, we are not beggars; we (have) money; please give us one piece of clothing…

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…07:58 1-1:121 ēma ǰināzamān bīyan, čwār řo, panǰ řo, ya ħafta ā ǰināza čāga bīyan We had some bodies,…

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…to reins pay=š=u wist=an=šān=a mil=iš for=BP.3SG=and throw.PST=be.PRS.3SG=BP.3PL=DRCT neck=BP.3SG ‘We…

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…Mujahedin forces and the Iraqis. 09:01 1-1:142 ēma-yč āna112 dile āwāyī manawē, dī taklīfiš nawē dī We…

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…farming be.PRF.3SG ‘my work has been farming’ [3-1:130] (221) ēma čēga bīyanmē P.1PL here be.PRF.1PL ‘we…

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…Asfanyār, with one arm, he has taken the lantern for us. 14:22 1-1:239 ǰi bān labāsakān kafanmān kīšān We…

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…A Grammatical Sketch of Zardayāna 33 (96) wē=m RFLX=BP.1SG ‘myself’ [3-2:46] (97) wē=š RFLX=BP.3SG ‘himself…

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…206 baʕd bīmārisān-u ī lā-u aw lā, ʕaks ǰināzakānmān girt Then, (in) the hospital and here and there, we…

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…pišīla bard=iš wa bāx=o cat take.PST=BP.3SG to garden=POST (One of the children) says: “Mama {#xxx} we…

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…Translations 139 ZARDAYĀNA ENGLISH 3-2:102 har čī zamīnmān-an han žēr kānāɫī ī āwa-u Whatever land we…

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…(One of the children) says: “Mother, we have been in the home of my grandmother and grandfather.” 05:…

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…nagirtawē wa milšara wa māšīn, dī ha wa bāno gištī manawē ǰīyā The house had not been ruined, but whatever we…

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…125 ZARDAYĀNA ENGLISH gištimān fiř dā, dī gištiš šīmyāyī bī, ya zařa hüčmān čina nās, gištmān řišnā we…

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…kiryā, ā ā, ēma kulan ǰa dile āwāyīyana bēmē {xxx} The bombing was done (i.e., carried out), yes, yes, we…

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…Hamadān. 07:57 2-1:83 yānē ya dos-u āšnā, dardīsarmān ēma fra kēšā I mean, friends and acquaintances; we…

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…masɫan gāw-u īnānmāna bē, hāmāymēwa baʕd az šīmyāyīyaka, gištiš kor bē Then, whatever, for example, we…

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…makar(d), či ī dukturāna ī ǰüršāna maka(rd) īsa-yč čamiš wirnimawřīyā Whatever (i.e., however much) we…

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…from there, I said: “(Come), so that this one, her name is Fahīma, Fahīma has not died, (come) so that we…

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…BP.3PL to Dāɫahū ‘let us take them to Dāɫahū’ [7:11] (149) m-war-mē=t IND-eat.PRS-1PL.PRS_1=BP.2SG ‘we…

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…dāya=mān sīyāw=an, P.1PL mother=BP.1PL black=be.PRS.3SG tu čarmig=anī, P.2SG white=be.PRS.2SG mi-l-o wē…

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…Examples of the Past Perfect follow: (233) ǰa āw-aka wārd-a=wē=šān from water-DEF drink.PST-PTCP=be.PST.PRF…

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…:201 ǰilakaš nawē {xxx} sard bē, ǰilmān payš durus (kardawē) Her blanket-saddle {xxx} it was cold, (we…

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…shampoo, olives. 10:52 3-1:139 řawghaniš han They have oil. 10:56 3-1:140 wēmān hüč {xxx} mifrošmēš238 We…

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…effects, I mean. 16:42 1-1:284 har pařindayk130 Every bird, 16:45 1-1:285 pařiš dāwē, ya gilaš nāsta(wē…

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…ZARDAYĀNA ENGLISH 8:1 ǰi ko bārmē, ǰi ko bižnafm(ē), mwān wa dö birā314 From where should we bring, from…

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…48 The Gōrānī language of Zarda, a village of West Iran (165) bān_tāq=iš girt-a=wē Bān.Tāq=BP.3SG take.PST-PTCP…

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…176) agar bard-ānē=šān if take.PST-1SG.PST=BP.3PL ‘if they took me’ [4:111] (177) hāwird-īm=šān ābādī wē…

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…not make any noise.” 07:11 4:162 ēma luwāymē kinār pēɫaka wēmān girtara We went to the side of the bridge…

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…, a village of West Iran ZARDAYĀNA ENGLISH kill you. 8:115 mwarmēt, minyaymē na(t) qiřūɫ didānēkmān We…

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…sixty-two. 00:03 3-1:4 {no text} {no text} 00:07 3-1:5 ēma har čēnā bīyanmē, ǰi dile zarda bīyanim We…

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…āyāy variant of ād āyāyiirr n fire • ā mawqa dī lāsīkmān āyir dā, dükaɫānmān kard At that time, then, we…

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…A Grammatical Sketch of Zardayāna 27 (66) ǰald=u wē=š skin=EZ_2 RFLX=BP.3SG ‘skin of his (self)’ [8:34…

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…šāhābād ā wawīma kardaniš, walē ēma nakardanmān In Šāhābād, that daughter-in-law of mine has made it, but we…

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…In the morning we had gotten up from sleep. 00:11 2-1:2 ēd subānaš mawā(rd), min-īč maškam mažand, xarīk…

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…dükaɫa agar sawz, ēma ǰa dukturakān suālmān ka(rd) The smoke, this, especially that smoke, if green, we…

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…been, but the doctor does not allow. 06:29 3-2:38 masɫan a(g)ar baymē-u dawāy bikarmē For example, if we…

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…:92 ay nawaš bē Indeed, he was ill. 09:48 3-2:93 sē čwār daf bardmān wa duktur dī Three, four times we…

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…We had a son; he was educated. 01:00 3-1:27 wāčē īna bo šīmyāyī-yan, bo hīni(š) midā183 He was saying…

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…(One of the children) says: “Mother, we have been in the home of my grandmother and grandfather.” (6:…

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…šīmyāyīya bikafo, nazānāmān gištī pa wēš kuštiš It had not happened before that this chemical (gas) fell; we…

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…I said: “(So that) we may eat it.” 00:25 4:9 ēma gīskmān sara biřī, min āstim ǰīyā, wātim māma We slaughtered…

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…now is not the time for (going to) Dāɫahū. 00:32 7:8 bilim wa dāɫahū mardim qisamān pana mikarān If we…

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…wa dāmānmān, dāmānmān sūzyā, nīyāmān wa čamān, čammān sūzyā, nīyāmān wa tāqo, pišīla bardiš wa bāxo we…

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…was blind, by God.} 06:33 1-1:100 māngāw bi farz ēma e bīyanmān ǰür fīlī bīyan The cow, for instance, we…

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…ka(rd), kārmān nīyan, ya tīka labās nawī, ya patü bičkaɫāna dile bīmārisānakay kaftawē However much we…

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…under that television has written (lit., one may write) subtitles, only this one can understand it; we…

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…SBJV-remain.PST-PST.SBJV-1PL.PST_1 har_kulan ǰi_bayn ma-luwā-ymē all died IPFV_1-go.PST-1PL.PST_1 ‘if we…

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…right dduuwwāārraa (variant: dubāra) adv again • duwāra luwāymē na ā mařa čāg(a) hāmaymē bān Again we…

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…black place zimsānzimsān n winter • ā masɫan ēma īsa nižü tahya mikarmē pay zimsānī Yes, for example, we…

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…aside [4:43] ffīlīl n elephant ffrraa 1)1) quant many • māngāw fraykmān bē, čī kinār ǰādaya bastawēmān We…

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…akakssararyyaatt adv most alalāā n naazzarar nprop Alā Nazar alalāānn adv 1)1) now • alān bāx ǰadīdīmān nīyān Now, we…

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…) adv tightly sisiɫɫāmām n greeting ssininddūūqq n basket • ǰamiš mikarmē minyaymēš na dile sindūqī We…

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…2-1:31 ēma luwāymē, ǰa řēžāw wiršmānšānřišnā, dī nazānāmān kī bardanmiš, kī nawardanmiš tā šāhābād We…

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…cast.PST, throw.PST 2)2) v pursue.PST wwišiškk adj dry • kižmiž mikarmē pay zimsānī, hoz wišk mikarmē We…

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…We, our mother is black, you are white.”…

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…har řož bilī šikārwānī bikarī paymānu anāgay mwarmēt Every day you must go and hunt for us; otherwise we…

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…:279 mār Snake. 16:28 1-1:280 bāxmān bīyan, ǰi war ā mārīya zāɫamān nīyan wa qay ā dār hūzīya bilim We…

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…We are also grateful to our publisher, the Dr.…

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…) a person, there were two people, he buried ten bodies. 10:32 2-1:104 baʕd ā mawqa dī wa labāsakān wē-yč-šāno…

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…IND_2-put.PRS-1PL.PRS_1=BP.3SG on ground tā mawq=e wišk bo until time=EZ_1 dry SBJV.be.PRS.3SG ‘then we…

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…noun to have a certain definite sense, such as māng, translated as ‘the moon’ here: (20) māng wirāmā=wē…

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…luwā run.PST go.PST ‘he ran, he went’ [4:36] (156) ēma hāmā-ymē wār P.1PL come.PST-1PL.PST_1 down ‘we…

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…illustrate simple sentences only composed of a finite verb: (312) mi-kar-mē IND_2-do.PRS-1PL.PRS_1 ‘we…

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…A Grammatical Sketch of Zardayāna 45 (140) mi-san-mē IND_2-buy.PRS-1PL.PRS_1 ‘we buy’ [3-2:172] (141)…

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…DIST.DEM.ADJ_1 year=DEM.PRT ‘that year’ [4:97] 2.6.4 Reflexive and reciprocal forms The reflexive is the form wē…

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…examples: (264) luwā-ymē na mař, go.PST-1PL.PST_1 to cave a ī maxār=a PROX.PRT PROX.DEM.ADJ cave=DEM.PRT ‘we…

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…here illustrate the possession construction: (328) ya gila tüta=mān han one unit dog=BP.1PL exist.3SG ‘we…

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….3SG ‘now is not the time for (going to) Dāɫahū’ [7:7] (212) ga āyīkar nīyanmē beggar NEG.be.PRS.1PL ‘we…

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…na-girt, āna āw m-ār-o=mān whichever=ADD NEG_2-get.PST then water IND-take.PRS-3SG.PRS=BP.1PL then we…

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…:59] Examples of the circumpositions are shown here: (305) ēma waraw ǰāda=ra P.1PL towards road=on ‘we…

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…: (278) sē man nižü=mān ǰi pāwa san=an three measure mung.bean=BP.1PL from Pāwa buy.PST=be.PRS.3SG ‘we…

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…Grammatical Sketch of Zardayāna 73 (316) ēma luwā-ymē kinār pēɫ-aka P.1PL go.PST-1PL.PST_1 side bridge-DEF ‘we…

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…IND-say.PRS-3SG.PRS ‘he, too, says’ [7:31] (139) hoz wišk mi-kar-mē walnut dry IND_2-do.PRS-1PL.PRS_1 ‘we…

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…She goes. (6:36) gwān wē=š ma-wš-o=wara, udder RFLX=BP.3SG IND_1-milk.PRS-3SG.PRS=at ya bāya mās mi-ny-o…

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…Zarda, a village of West Iran (197) ēma luwā-ymē kinār pēɫ-aka P.1PL go.PST-1PL.PST_1 side bridge-DEF ‘we…

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…As mentioned there, we have usually written the phonemic form of the plosive rather than the phonetic…

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…next example illustrates nain a Past Perfective construction: (128) na-luwā-ymē NEG_2-go.PST-1PL.PST ‘we…

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…too’ [3-2:135] (64) kār=e duktur-ī work=EZ_1 doctor-OBL_1 ‘work of the doctor’ [3-1:86] (65) bāɫ=e wē…

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…řūɫa bara_kal pay kas wāz ma-kar-dē dear.children small.door for person open PROH-do.PRS-2PL.PRS tā wē…

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…ħ [ħ] l [l] ɫ [ɫ] y [j] w [w] Table 1: Zardayāna orthographic symbols and IPA symbols In Chapter 4, we…

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…situation=BP.3SG very excellent=be.PRS.3SG ‘anyway, his situation is very excellent’ [7:4] (259) ay to pay wē…

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…of Zarda, a village of West Iran nnaawwašīnīašīnī n illness nnaawwʕʕ n variety nnaawēwē (variant: na(wē…

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…We would like to acknowledge their contributions and express our sincere appreciation to each one of…

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…(One of the children) says: “We have eaten roasted wheat, Mama.” [6:58] řřūūžž variant of řož řüřü variant…

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…I have thrown them upon the steps of (the shrine of) Dāwu. 02:46 3-1:65 dardasar fra řīš ēmaš girt We…

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…yānē tu, hāyīžyāwēmē yānē gištmān I had lain down, that means, I; you had lain down, that means, you; we…

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…04:17 1-1:62 {no text} {no text} 04:17 1-1:63 ā ēma bīmārisān fārābī-u hamadān-u Yes, we (were) in the…

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…dead one mmararīzīz adj ill, sick mmařař n cave • ēma luwāymē ya mařēk bē čī dile ābādī lā ǰādakay We…

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…adj trapped 4)4) cve stop ggīīsskk (variant: gēsk) n kid goat • ēma gīskmān sara biřī, min āstim ǰīyā We…

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…Say Askar and these such ones. 00:51 4:20 nīštawin, min-ī(č) kaɫāšakam nīyā, inǰa258 min čaplar-anān We…

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…haw dīm, ya gila tütamān han, ǰi lām bē, dīm sidāš hāmā wa bān, dangiš hāmā wa bān Suddenly I saw, we…

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…the roof of the house, they held on to each other, they have come in with the ladder (of the roof); we…

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…if) our urine gets froth, 00:09 6:4 āna mikarmē wa aw das, har kām-īč nagirt,284 āna āw maromān then we…

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…containers on my shoulders [2-2:10] ddaaff n time • sē čwār daf bardmān wa duktur dī Three, four times we…

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…řož bilī šikārwānī bikarī paymān-u anāgay mwarmēt Every day you must go and hunt for us; otherwise we…

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…from) the flashlight; I saw (that) the three donkeys are there. 05:32 4:126 sē harmān bē syā {xxx} We…

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…have killed it by myself. 03:06 5-1:43 hüč,279 ha(r) ā ǰüra wiɫiš mikarmē Nothing, just in that way, we…

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…They also say: “Father, this was not the time for (going to) Dāɫahū; you brought this task upon us; we…

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…208 The Gōrānī language of Zarda, a village of West Iran čarmig-anī, milo wēš sīyāw mikaro We, our mother…

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…death [6:61] ččaappllarar adj left-handed ččararmmiigg adj white • ēma dāyamān sīyāw-an, tu čarmig-anī We…

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…ǰǰinināāzzaa n dead body ǰǰīyīyāā n 1)1) place • ēma gīskmān sara biřī, min āstim ǰīyā, wātim māma We…

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…pāyīzmān wana bayo ēma ya guɫ mīwa nimasanmē tā ī mawqa No, when autumn comes (i.e., begins) for us, we…

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…All right, whichever one of us brings a boy and whichever one of us brings a girl, we will give them…

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…of West Iran bbaassaazzwwāānn n poor creature • nizīk da gila māngāwēmān bīyan, giš(t)iš basazwān dī We…

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…covenant, that (when) our mothers were pregnant, whoever of us brings a daughter (into the world), we…