For a more profound understand of present-day Middle East, a closer look at the vivid literary debates on Identity in the Arab world and Turkey are beneficial and eligible. A recurring theme in these debates has been the contrasting juxtaposition between European modernity and local cultural tradition. Is total rejection of the own past necessary to become true modernists? If not, how can one relate to tradition, avoiding taking a forfeited, reactionary position?

This thesis will examine the revival of Islamic mysticism in the 20th century, a significant cornerstone to both cultural traditions, in the contemporary Arabic and Turkish novel. To what extend could the turn to Islamic mysticism in both Near Eastern literatures be seen a process of critical Self-examination? Is the appropriation of mystical language, tropes and philosophy by contemporary Arabic and Turkish literati an attempt to reconcile with the past and overcome cultural paradoxes? Or is this phenomenon rather to be seen as a regional manifestation of a postmodern “Re-enchantment” that, aligned with critics of modernity such as Weber, Heidegger and T.S Eliot, seek to heal a disenchanted world and provide endowment with meaning to the present?

These questions will be examined on the basis of a selected number of contemporary Arabic and Turkish novels. Departing from the chosen examples, a picture is drawn where mysticism forms a main source of literary inspiration and becomes a mode to establish continuity with the past. Islamic mysticism is in this context not solely a passively transmitted cultural artifact; it quite the contrary becomes a major instrument to construct Identity and meaning to a post-industrial society. In this respect the act of writing becomes prayer of a sort; storytelling enables the Self to rest from the dreary political realities of authoritarian modernist ideologies. Thus, writing, in contrast to reason-driven, materialist, modernity becomes meaningful, enables the Self to connect with something beyond immanent reality; in one word, writing becomes “re-enchantment”. In this context, the turn to mysticism paradoxically enables the contemporary Arabic and Turkish novel to merge with universalism and world literature.

Lars Marcus Petrisson is a Swedish Arabist and writer born in 1986. Since 2007 he has worked, studied and travelled extensively in the Arab World and Turkey. Between 2009-2015 he studied Arabic Studies and Turkish at Freie Universität Berlin in Germany and received his M.A. degree after having written a thesis about the Islamic mystic Manṣūr al-Ḥallāğ and he also published a Sufi novel in Swedish in 2018. 2016-2021 he was a PhD candidate at Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität in Münster, Germany. Main focus of his research is the revival of Sufism in the Arabic and Turkish novel from the 1960s-1990s. He is currently working on his second novel.

Literatures in Context is a peer-reviewed book series devoted to Near Eastern and North African literatures. The editors want the title of the series to be understood programmatically. They presuppose a concept of world literature that includes Near Eastern and North African literatures. What is more, they assume that literatures are in many ways marked by intertextuality, that they constitute readings of extremely diverse earlier texts, and that they are posited within a field of tensions, much broader than their respective national language. For the earlier eras of Near Eastern and North African literatures, this field of tensions geographically covers the regions of the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean and Asia Minor. In modern times, it has become a space of interaction that has long since included “global” Western literatures (and realities). This does not imply that the modern Near Eastern and North African literatures have severed themselves from their predecessors. Instead it is precisely the tension between different sets of references in modern Near Eastern and North African literatures, or their “local historical context”, which is a great part of their attraction, that remains a crucial field of research for the modern scholar.