In Cyprus, over 300 Greek churches built or altered between 1300 and 1571 are preserved or known through documents. This material legacy was now for a first time systematically recorded and documented in photographs and drawings. This documentation, forming the catalogue volume, is art-historically evaluated and interpreted in the text volume. In addition to more traditional methodological approaches such as building archaeology and the analysis of stylistic developments, the study follows the guiding key words indicated in the title: “tradition” and “identity”. Of interest was, among others, the question of how individual and collective identities were negotiated with the help of architectural works within the multicultural and multiconfessional Cypriot society of the high and late medieval period. Thus, the study constitutes an important contribution to the apprehension of dynamics of cultural exchange in late medieval eastern Mediterranean.