Der Blick auf ausgewählte Werke türkischer Gegenwartsautorinnen und -autoren offenbart eine Literatur mit kosmopolitischem Anspruch, die sich den thematisch wie sprachlich engen Grenzen einer national beziehungsweise idealistisch aufgeladenen Literatur verweigert. Der Roman soll nicht länger im Dienste einer Nation, einer Idee stehen, soll nicht Grenzen ziehen, sondern diese in Frage stellen und so auch einem neuen, von globalen Vernetzungen geprägtem Lebensgefühl Ausdruck verleihen. Exemplarisch analysiert die vorliegende Arbeit Texte von Esmahan Aykol, Aslı Erdoğan, Hakan Günday und Elif Şafak und stellt diese in den Kontext sowohl gesellschaftspolitischer Entwicklungen in der Türkei, als auch in Bezug zu Konzepten und Theorien um Prozesse der Kosmopolitisierung.
Young authors from Turkey question boundaries, they are challenging borders between nations, between humans, between times. Their works reflect a new zeitgeist which is often shaped by contradictions, but instead of trying to dissolve these contradictions, withdrawing to one's own and raising the boundaries to the other, they learn and teach to endure these contradictions, to let them stand.
This justifies the designation of these Turkish authors as "young cosmopolitans", considering that sociologist Ulrich Beck emphasizes the fact that cosmopolitanism ignores the principle of the either-or and embodies an as-well-as-thinking. It is precisely this as-well-as-thinking that has become the determining principle of the works of contemporary Turkish authors. Its implementation includes features of cosmopolitan literature such as ambiguity, simultaneity, polyperspectivity, ambiguity in terms of literary spaces and figures, as well as locally and globally identifiable themes and the depiction of the dialectics of the conflict between the cosmopolitan and its opponents. All this can be exemplified by the following works analyzed here: Yitik Gözün Boşluğunda (In the Void of the Lost Eye, 1996) and Kırmızı Pelerinli Kent (The City with the Red Pelerine, 1998 ) by Aslı Erdoğan; The Saint of Incipient Insanities (2004) and İskender (İskender, 2011) by Elif Şafak; Esmahan Aykol's novel Savrulanlar (The Scattered, 2006) and Hakan Günday's novel Az (Little, 2011).
These contemporary Turkish authors create a literature that cannot be easily instrumentalized, that is no longer in the service of a nation, but promotes a new view on an equally regional and global world, which includes today’s Turkey. While the political situation in Turkey remains difficult and the country is once again challenged by inner tensions and hostile oppositions, these writers and their works are of utmost importance. Their voices, their texts show a different picture, another option of Turkish society. In this sense, this thesis not only wants to broaden the current research on contemporary Turkish literature, especially in German-speaking countries, but also emphasizes that literature celebrates diversity and deliberately reflects the countless nuances of an actually very heterogeneous Turkish society, while politics fuel resentments and push the boundaries higher.
Katharina Müller, born 1984, works as a DAAD-Lecturer at Helwan-University in Cairo, Egypt. After studying Islamic Studies, Modern and Contemporary History as well as German Language and Literature in Münster and Istanbul, she wrote her PhD thesis on processes of appropriation and delimination in contemporary Turkish Literature at Münsters Graduate School Practices of Literature. She then worked for several years as a lecturer for German Literature, Literary Theory and History of Science at Marmara University in Istanbul.
Literatures in Context is a peer-reviewed book series devoted to Near Eastern and North African literatures. The editors want the title of the series to be understood programmatically. They presuppose a concept of world literature that includes Near Eastern and North African literatures. What is more, they assume that literatures are in many ways marked by intertextuality, that they constitute readings of extremely diverse earlier texts, and that they are posited within a field of tensions, much broader than their respective national language. For the earlier eras of Near Eastern and North African literatures, this field of tensions geographically covers the regions of the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean and Asia Minor. In modern times, it has become a space of interaction that has long since included “global” Western literatures (and realities). This does not imply that the modern Near Eastern and North African literatures have severed themselves from their predecessors. Instead it is precisely the tension between different sets of references in modern Near Eastern and North African literatures, or their “local historical context”, which is a great part of their attraction, that remains a crucial field of research for the modern scholar.
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